2010-VIL-41-SC-DT

Equivalent Citation: Other Citation: [2010] 320 ITR 374 (SC), 2010 (1) SCR 16, 2010 (3) SCC 396

Supreme Court of India

6/10

Date: 05.01.2010

NATIONAL HYDROELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION LTD.

Vs

COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX

BENCH

KAPADIA S. H. and AFTAB ALAM JJ.

JUDGMENT

S. H. Kapadia J.-

Leave granted.

2. In this civil appeal filed by the assessee we are concerned with the accounting treatment of Advance Against Depreciation ("AAD", for short).

3. We are concerned with the assessment year 2001-02.

4. The assessee is a public sector enterprise registered under the Companies Act, 1956. Its accounts are prepared in accordance with Parts II and III of Schedule VI to the Companies Act. The entire shareholding of the assessee is with the Government of India. Its accounts are audited by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. They are laid before both the Houses of Parliament.

5. The assessee is required to sell electricity to State Electricity Board(s), Discoms, etc., at tariff rates notified by the CERC. The tariff consists of depreciation, AAD, interest on loans, interest on working capital, operation and maintenance expenses, return on equity.

6. On May 26, 1997, the Government of India introduced a mechanism to generate additional cash flow by allowing generating companies to collect AAD by way of tariff charge. It was decided that the year in which normal depreciation fell short of the original scheduled loan repayment instalment (capped at 1/12th of the original loan) such shortfall would be collected as advance against future depreciation. In other words, once the loan stood repaid, the advance so collected would get reduced from the normal depreciation of the later years, and such reduced depreciation would be included in the tariff, in turn lowering the tariff.

7. How to account for such an advance is the issue before us.

8. According to the Authority for Advance Rulings (AAR), the assessee supplied electricity at the tariff rate notified by the CERC and recovered the sale price, which became its income; that, in future the said sale price was neither refundable nor adjustable against the future bills; that, the sale price (which includes AAD) was shown as "sales" in the profit and loss account; that, it was received in terms of the invoice raised by the assessee and, therefore, it was "income" in the year of receipt. However, according to the AAR, when it came to computation of book profit, the assessee deducted the AAD component from the total sale price and only the balance amount net of the AAD was taken into the profit and loss account and book profit. Consequently, the AAR ruled (which is challenged herein) that reduction of the AAD from the "sales" was nothing but a reserve which has to be added back on the basis of clause (b) of Explanation 1 to section 115JB of the Income-tax Act, 1961 ("1961 Act", for short).

9. We quote hereinbelow Explanation 1 to section 115JB of the 1961 Act which reads as under:

"Explanation 1.-For the purposes of this section, `book profit' means the net profit as shown in the profit and loss account for the relevant previous year prepared under sub-section (2), as increased by- . . .

(b) the amounts carried to any reserves, by whatever name called, other than a reserve specified under section 33AC; or . . .

if any amount referred to in clauses (a) to (h) is debited to the profit and loss account, and as reduced by,-"

10. We find merit in this civil appeal. On reading Explanation 1, quoted above, it is clear that to make an addition under clause (b) two conditions must be jointly satisfied:

(a) There must be a debit of the amount to the profit and loss account.

(b) The amount so debited must be carried to the reserve.

11. Since the amount of AAD is reduced from sales, there is no debit in the profit and loss account, the amount did not enter the stream of income for the purposes of determination of net profit at all, hence clause (b) of Explanation 1 was not applicable. Further, " reserve" as contemplated by clause (b) of Explanation 1 to section 115JB of the 1961 Act is required to be carried through the profit and loss account. At this stage, it may be stated that there are broadly two types of reserves, viz., those that are routed through the profit and loss account and those which are not carried via the profit and loss account, for example, a capital reserve such as share premium account. AAD is not a reserve. It is not an appropriation of profits. AAD is not meant for an uncertain purpose. AAD is an amount that is under obligation, right from the inception, to get adjusted in the future, hence, cannot be designated as a reserve. AAD is nothing but an adjustment by reducing the normal depreciation includible in the future years in such a manner that at the end of the useful life of the plant (which is normally 30 years) the same would be reduced to nil. Therefore, the assessee cannot use the AAD for any other purpose (which is possible in the case of a reserve) except to adjust the same against future depreciation so as to reduce the tariff in the future years. As stated above, at the end of the life of the plant AAD will be reduced to nil. In fact, schedule XII-A to the balance-sheet for the financial years 2004-05 onwards indicates recouping. In our view, AAD is " income received in advance" . It is a timing difference. It represents adjustment in future which is inbuilt in the mechanism notified on May 26, 1997. This adjustment may take place over a long period of time. Hence, we are of the view that AAD is not a reserve.

12. For the aforestated reasons, we hold that AAD is a timing difference, it is not a reserve, it is not carried through the profit and loss account and that it is " income received in advance" subject to adjustment in future and, therefore, clause (b) of Explanation 1 to section 115JB is not applicable. Accordingly, the impugned ruling is set aside and the civil appeal filed by the assessee stands allowed with no order as to costs.

 

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